What is Biology?

Biology is the science of life. Its name is derived from the Greek words "bios" (life) and "logos" (study). Biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms. There are generally considered to be at least nine "umbrella" fields of biology, each of which consists of multiple subfields.

• Biochemistry: the study of the material substances that make up living things
• Botany: the study of plants, including agriculture
• Cellular biology: the study of the basic cellular units of living things
• Ecology: the study of how organisms interact with their environment
• Evolutionary biology: the study of the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time
• Genetics: the study of heredity
• Molecular biology: the study of biological molecules
• Physiology: the study of the functions of organisms and their parts
• Zoology: the study of animals, including animal behavior

Adding to the complexity of this enormous idea is the fact that these fields overlap. It is impossible to study zoology without knowing a great deal about evolution, physiology and ecology. You can't study cellular biology without knowing biochemistry and molecular biology as well.
Framework of understanding.

All the branches of biology can be unified within a framework of five basic understandings about living things. Studying the details of these five ideas provides the endless fascination of biological research:

• Cell Theory: There are three parts to cell theory — the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• Energy: All living things require energy, and energy flows between organisms and between organisms and the environment.
• Heredity: All living things have DNA and genetic information codes the structure and function of all cells.
• Equilibrium: All living things must maintain homeostasis, a state of balanced equilibrium between the organism and its environment.
• Evolution: This is the overall unifying concept of biology. Evolution is the change over time that is the engine of biological diversity.


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